How is soil erosion best described?

Soil erosion is best described as the process by which soil is worn away by natural forces such as water, wind, and ice. These forces act over time to remove the top layers of soil, which are often the most fertile and rich in nutrients. The removal of soil can lead to a decline in agricultural productivity and can adversely affect local ecosystems by disrupting plant growth and wildlife habitats.

Options that suggest the build-up of minerals, transformation into marshy land, or an increase in soil fertility do not accurately capture the essence of soil erosion. Instead, they point to processes that either indicate soil improvement or changes in soil characteristics that do not involve the loss of soil material. Recognizing soil erosion as a process of loss highlights its significance in agricultural sustainability and environmental health.